Latest programs community health nursing philippines

Quality health care services. The legal permission obtained from the client before an invasive procedure involvement in research or administration of experimental medication intervention is:. Informed consent. Situation 14 The Rural health unit personnel implements health program relevant of the needs of the country. In order to gain the cooperation and support of the community in control of diarrheal diseases, which of the following need to be done first. Create public awareness of the diarrheal disease problem.

Solicit the health of the minucipal health committee. Confer with barangay captain. Cleanliness and proper food handling. Practice of handwashing before eating. Taking of Oresol solution and other fluids by patients with diarrhea.

All these measures. For the prevention and control of dengue fever, the Most importanrt health measure that should be implemented is:. Personal hygiene. Health education on the use of repellants. Immunization of contacts. The mosquito that transmit Dengue fever may bite anytime during the day, but its peak hours of biting is:.

Early morning and late afternoon. The incidence of sanitation-related diseases is high in areas characterized by which of the following. Contaminated wells and unsanitary handling of water. Poor hygiene habits. Presence of any or all of these.

Situation 15 — The Department of Health presents a situation where maternal and child health is inadequate in our country. To obtain quality health care, there are programs and services in all levels of care. The Under Five Care Program is a child related service, which will ensure wellness and survival of children.

Which age-range is this:. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women, lactating mothers, infants and pre-schoolers increased as per findings of the National Nutrition Survey.

What is the highest cause of anemia. Poor absorption. Increased demand. Low-dietary intake. Blood loss. Preventive dentistry is emphasized to children under five. At what age should proper tooth brushing begin? When child starts school. After 2 years old. Before 2 years old. Upon weaning. Dental caries of temporary teeth need to be given attention. Consulting a dentist for this problem is for what purpose?

Temporary filling of temporary tooth. Installation of braces. Replace temporary with false teeth. Pulling out temporary teeth. Isolation technique in the home is difficult to do but fundamental principles must be followed. Soiled articles with discharges should be boiled in water before laundry. How long should these articles be boiled?

One hour. Two hours. One-half day. Thirty minutes. To serve all ages of population. Promoting and preserving health. Development of human being. Limitation to a certain age only. Which one is the primary focus of CHN? Health continuum. Health promotion. Where is CHN extended to? Individuals, families and communities. Female population only.

Mature and elderly. Adolescent, adult and aged. What is the criteria to become a public health nurse? BSN graduate with license. Specialist on CHN. Specialist on Any field. Cum laude in graduation. The dynamic care of this nursing tools provides measurements of progress.

What is the scientific systematic process for quality care? Nursing policies. Nursing standards. Nursing procedures. Nursing process. Situation 17 — Change within the health care system has accelerated during the past decade. This is brought about by changes in technology and the nations economy and the increasing number of population, to name a few. One of the most recent development that was enacted to help subsidize the cost of health services both for the employed and the unemployed:.

National Amelioration Pay. National Health Insurance. Lately, health promotion and disease prevention services have been getting increased attention in the Department of Health.

One of the implications of these changes as far as the scope of nursing practice is concerned with is emphasis in the application of which of the following competencies:. The latest census has shown increase in the life span among Filipinos resulting to an increase in the number of elderly population.

In addition to these data, it is observed that the cost of hospitalization is getting more expensive and unaffordable to majority of the people. These facts can bring about an increase in the demand of which of the following nursing services:. Managed Care Services. Clinical Specialization. Hospice and Home Care Services. Acute Care Services.

The latest trend that has developed to deliver care based on prepaid fees with emphasis on health promotion and illness prevention is covered under. Government Insurance Plan. Preferred Provider Organization. Private Insurance Plan. Health Maintenance Organization. Hospital nowadays are encouraged, if not required, to offer comprehensive health services to include illness prevention and health promotion. To implement this program, hospitals, especially government hospitals have already added in the regular services of which the following.

Rehabilitation Centers. Newborn Screening. Wellness Centers. Intensive Care Units. After passing the Board exam, Miss de Castro decided to apply in the local government unit. She was admitted and was assigned in her hometown.

In addressing some problem of the community, she remember she can be guided by the different models of health. An active healthy promotion strategy that Ms. De Castro could initiate in the community is:. Advertisement for the use of a specific mineral water. Adoption of the policy for smoke free work place among factories, schools and hospitals.

Organization of morning joggers club or other groups that encourage sports and regular exercises. Fortification of milk and other food products with Vitamin A and D. As a community health nurse, Miss de Castro must have a good understanding of the interrelationship between external and internal variables that can affect health and illness.

Examples of internal variables that influence health beliefs and practices include. Socio-economic and political factors. Cultural and ethnical background. Family practices and traditions. Emotional and spiritual factor. Cultural and perceptual functioning.

Socio-economic and intellectual background. Levels of prevention is an important concept in community health nursing. Which one among the following nursing activities can be considered a primary level of prevention? Injecting a DMPA to family planning acceptors. Administering medication to TB patients who came top the clinic. Teaching a stroke victim how to perform active and passive exercise. The health model that describes level of health or illness of an individual of group based on the dynamic relationship among three variables: the client, the environment and factors leading to illness.

This model of health and illness is:. Agent-Host-Environment Model. High level illness. Health Belief. Many changes in the department of health happened since What was implemented after the restructuring of the DOH?

Philippine Heart Center of Asia. Tertiary Hospitals. Restructured Health Care delivery system. To become self reliant. To stop funding from national funds. Winslow defines public health as science and art of preventing diseases. What is the art in public health?

Leadership skills of the Nurse. Organizing people to participate. Creativity in making health programs. Team building in group work. Harlon stresses that public health is dedicated to common attainment of highest level of physical health, mental and social well-being. What is the concise definition? Emotional quotient. Total well-being.

Focus on physical fitness. Fragmented Health. In community health, assessment of the client requires multi-disciplinary approach. Who is the team leader of the group? Nursing students. Trained hilot. Healthy guides Healthy tips Secret for a good health Read this website for you and your families health Sakit. I started on antiviral medications which reduced the viral load initially.

After a couple of years the virus became resistant. Their treatment totally reversed the virus. I did another blood test after the 6 months long treatment and tested negative to the virus. Amazing treatment! This treatment is a breakthrough for all HBV carriers.

Prevention is an important responsibility of the nurse in: A. Health Center and Industrial clinics B. Community and school setting 2. Department of Education and Local Government B. Professional health association C. The people and every citizenry D. Non-government organization 3. Based on the Health Belief Model, a person is more likely to take preventive health action if he: A.

Understand the nature of the disease B. Has access to health care facilities C. Believes he is susceptible to the disease D. Believes in the competence of the nurse 4.

The motivation of the individual to participate in health promotion activities and take a specific health action is most effective in which of the following strategies: A. Experiential activities B.

Health Education 5. Development of health habits and practices B. Poverty alleviation C. Early and prompt treatment D. Infants and Children B. All ages regardless of status 7. Research and Legal B. Financial evaluation 8. Utilization of management process B. Staff development C. Implementation of nursing process D. Utilization of resources 9.

In planning and organizing nursing services, one vital functions at the beginning of the services is: A. Establishing of good working relationship B. Conducting an assembly for instruction C.

Listing of families in each purok D. Courtesy call with the town mayor Home visit for TB control B. Community assemblies like mother class C. Referrals of cases to appropriate agencies D. Reach out clinics for distribution of medicine Situation 3. AIDS national council B. Sentinal site nationwide AIDS prevention B. AIDS national council Family planning organization of the Philippines B. DOH family planning services C. Family planning program of the Philippines D. Health human resource program B.

Human resource for health manpower C. Health manpower resource program D. Resource manpower of DOH Herbal collection of scientific benefits B. Med C. Resources manpower of DOH Situation 4.

Pharmacy sa Barangay B. RHY drug store C. Common medicine for Botika ng Barangay D. Common medicine para Botika sa Baryo Sharpened stick wrapped in kapok B. Toothpick wrapped in cotton Traditional healer B. Community health workers In case of complication due to improper use of technology to whom should cases referred to: A. City health officer B. Russia B. What would you do now if she tells that she is bleeding?

Accompany her to the provincial hospital B. Tell her to go the city C. Give transfusion at once D. Check the vital signs The home delivery for normal pregnancy is being encouraged by primary care providers. If there is no licensed health professional in the RHU, who will attend to the delivery? Comadrona After home delivery, when will you do the first visit to check bleeding and Infection A.

Two weeks B. To promote appropriate health practice of pregnant women, you, as public health nurse must focus on: A. Accurate record and report B. Infants mortality rate means death under one year of age per 1, live births Which formula below is correct? Live births of the same year x x Live births of the same year Deaths under one year B.

Live births of the same year x x Live births of the same year deaths under one year Maternal mortality rate is the number of maternal deaths per 1, live births in a specific year. Live Births of the same year x x Live birth and fetal death Deaths under one year B. Live births of the same year x x Live births of the same year Deaths under one age The statistical work in the community vital statistics is mostly done by the Sanitarian but which programs data is done greatly by the nurse A.

Maternal child health B. Vital Statistics Town A has a population of 50, as of July 1 midyear as per calendar year January to December died. Which formula below should be uased to compute crude death? Incidence rate means new cases as percent of population and prevalence rate means cases in a given period of time as population.

Which formula below is prevalence rate. Number of cases of a specific disease x Estimated population B. Number of cases of a specific disease during a specific time x Estimated population exposed to that disease during that time D. Review family and personal circumstances that could affect their decision. Assist the couple to make a sound, well — informed decision to Undergo the procedure.

Resume sexual relation with husband D. Lift her youngest child Allows immediate sterility B. Does not interrupt sexual activities C. Irreversible D. Very effective and safe The best response of the nurse will be: A.

Very costly B. Restoration of fertility does not always succeed C. Sterility is not immediate D. Sanitary Engineer B. Potential communities will be stratified by province, population size, income class, and type urban versus rural.

Thirteen barangays will receive the CHAP-P sessions and will be considered intervention communities, while the other 13 communities will receive care as usual and will be considered control communities.

This will be done through paired randomization with staggered starts. Communities will be selected and randomized by the local program manager. Criteria for community selection include: security, connection with a local champion, feasibility for travel, and facility with refrigerated space for the HbA1c kits. Barangays will be paired based on municipality, population size, and similarity in the setting i. This will be done based on the advice of the local health workers and leaders in the municipalities and cities.

Allocation will be done by computer generated randomization. Measurements of individual participants will be taken as a repeated cross-sectional sample at baseline and at 6 months. There will be three participant groups in the study. First, participants will be randomly selected and recruited from each of the 26 barangays involved in the trial for a community survey.

Households will be chosen via door-to-door systematic random sampling conducted by research staff. If there is more than one eligible and willing individual within a household, the last-birthday selection method [ 21 ] will be used to choose a single individual to participate. If there are no eligible or willing participants within a household, the team will move on to the next household based on the systematic random sampling procedure.

A member of the research staff team will ask individuals selected to participate in the study to provide consent, and the survey will be conducted with consenting individuals See Additional files 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 for all consent forms. Participants will then be asked to go to a community location for the HbA1c test and to be provided with a small token of appreciation.

The survey participants are not necessarily the same individuals who will attend the CHAP-P sessions in intervention communities, though entire communities will be invited to the CHAP-P sessions.

They will be recruited through convenience sampling with research team members inviting those who have been involved with the CHAP-P intervention. Those BHWs and other LLO staff that consent to be part of the evaluation will be invited to participate in focus groups or key informant interviews, depending on their role and availability.

Due to the nature of the intervention as a community-wide health promotion program, this is an open label trial. However, community survey participants are not necessarily aware of the ongoing trial, community assignments, and study group allocation of their community.

These outcomes, whether they pertain to cluster or individual participant level, and their measures and sources are listed in Table 1. A community process evaluation will also be undertaken during the project in order to monitor the implementation of the CHAP-P intervention to assess for any problems or process issues during or after the implementation of the project. A cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted comparing the program cost of implementing CHAP-P and healthcare resource utilization costs to percentage reduction in HbA1c.

Questionnaires will be completed on paper and later entered into a REDCap [ 26 ] database by trained research staff. This survey was adapted from the measure used in the CP clinic program in Canada [ 13 ] and includes questions from other validated questionnaires as well as physical measurements such as blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference. The WatchBP Office Target will be used to measure blood pressure as it was found to show the most reliable results based on our pilot study [ 27 ].

Further sources of data include monthly community reports from the communities, monthly observational checklists by research assistants, and record review of the CHAP-P session databases and Rural Health Unit databases. Paper data will be stored in a locked cabinet in a locked institutional office. Electronic data will be stored in an encrypted program REDCap or in password-protected files on a secure institutional network.

Study data will be anonymized. For the community survey and CHAP-P session data, after the full data set is collected including the HbA1c test results , data will be anonymized. For the qualitative data, once transcripts are produced from the interviews and focus groups, identifiers of participants will be removed. The intervention will occur as follows see Fig. The BHW role is a voluntary position accredited by local health boards, which provides primary health care service to the barangays [ 29 ].

BHWs will receive program-specific in-person training at the start of CHAP-P, with refresher sessions during their work with the program. All data will be collected through an electronic REDCap mobile app database [ 26 ] via a tablet computer, which was found to be the most accurate and acceptable choice of data collection method for BHWs during the pilot stages [ 30 ].

Based on findings during the assessment, BHWs will educate the CHAP-P participants on diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, and healthy lifestyles, providing educational materials that have been adapted for a local context including materials such as pamphlets, comic strips, and videos.

Those with other specific risk factors such as low physical activity, high salt intake, or smoking will be given further health education and referred to appropriate local programs. CHAP-P sessions will continue to be held twice a month in intervention communities, and residents will be encouraged to continue attending for ongoing follow-up and monitoring. The monthly observational fidelity checklists from research assistants will be undertaken to improve adherence to intervention protocols.

The baseline characteristics will be analyzed using descriptive statistics reported by group as mean standard deviation or median first quartile, third quartile for continuous variables, and count percentage for categorical variables. The analysis of all outcomes to compare the groups will follow intention-to-treat principle. We will use multiple imputation to handle missing data.

We will use Generalized Estimating Equations GEE to make comparisons between intervention and control communities, assuming an exchangeable correlation structure [ 31 ]. GEE will allow us to model the correlation of outcomes within communities. All p-values will be reported to three decimal places with those less than 0. All analyses will be performed using SAS 9. See Table 2 for the statistical analysis plan.

Transcripts will be cleaned and data will be summarized using thematic analysis open coding axial coding, selective coding. QSR International NVivo 11 qualitative analysis software [ 32 ], will be used to store and manage qualitative data. Percentage decrease in participant HbA1c will be the measure of effectiveness used in the cost-effectiveness analysis. Both cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses will include overall program cost measures and participant health resource utilization and cost thereof.

CHAP-P is a community-wide intervention and community sizes vary from to 20, residents. We are using paired randomization, therefore intervention and control community pairs need to have relatively similar sizes. Our sample size for individuals was calculated based on a mean difference of HBA1c of 0. This required a sample size of per arm. Based on our pilot, the intraclass correlation coefficient ICC was 0. We increased our ICC to 0. We have opted to take 26 13 pairs of intervention: control communities with residents per community giving a total sample size of residents per arm.

This study will provide a robust evaluation of a community diabetes program in the Philippines. Though the country is committed to preventing and treating lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, the level of commitment to implement programs and the amount of diabetes-related activities already being implemented varies greatly among communities [ 8 ]. Some community-based programs for type 2 diabetes tested in other LMICs including elements such as educational sessions, lifestyle instruction, and self-monitoring have shown significant positive outcomes including lowering weight, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose levels, and HbA1c [ 33 , 34 ].

Diabetes self-management programs and other community-based interventions are being implemented across the Philippines, yet large-scale experimental studies are still a gap in the literature [ 9 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. This study will help fill that gap. A major strength of this study is the multi-phase, multi-year nature of the overall research program. The intervention was based on the evidence-based CHAP model from Canada, though needed to be adapted for the local context. Phase 1, the qualitative community scan, and Phase 2, piloting the elements, were vital to integrate the components and building a diabetes intervention that would make sense in the context of the Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines.

The mixed methods design included throughout the research program is another strength, with qualitative data included in this RCT to help explain and interpret quantitative results. Initially, a stepped-wedge cluster RCT was planned rather than a parallel cluster RCT, yet instead of solving issues of logistical constraints [ 38 ], it introduced some - the stepped-wedge design would have been more expensive and more time-consuming.

Due to the variation in communities across the Philippines, the focus on a community-level approach is a key element in making a program such as CHAP-P work. Finally, the health economics component of this study will provide policymakers and funders the information they need to decide whether implementation of a program such as CHAP-P is cost-effective for their communities. Though we combined many elements to fit the program to the setting, there are still some limitations that warrant consideration.

First, recruitment for CHAP-P sessions can be difficult, particularly within urban areas, and as a community intervention it is important to reach a substantial portion of the community. To improve penetration within the communities, we have decided to ensure the CHAP-P sessions rotate between puroks a subdivision of a barangay rather than having them in the same location week-by-week.

Second, the mobile HbA1c test kit can be difficult to work with, as it only lasts for approximately 5 minutes in the heat and humidity of the Philippines. Due to that constraint, all HbA1c tests are now completed at a common community location; however, those locations still need refrigeration for the test kits, so access to refrigerated space is an inclusion criterion for communities.

Finally, during the pilot studies there were some security concerns in the region that limited travel of the research team, so something similar may occur during the RCT implementation. This may affect the ability of the research team to visit communities for monthly fidelity checks, yet the intervention will be able to continue as BHWs can continue facilitating CHAP-P sessions in their local communities.

This study has the potential to improve diabetes detection, management, and prevention in the Philippines and similar LMICs. The results from this study will be shared with policymakers municipal, provincial, regional, national in the Philippines and our research partners in other LMICs and the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases.

Results will also be published in relevant conference and journals to disseminate our findings to other researchers and policy makers planning to implement an out-of-the-box program for diabetes detection, management, and prevention. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for and projections for Just wanna ask ,how much is your tuition fee in taking bsn? Im waiting for your reply. Please refer to the page below to get an idea of the tuition and other miscellaneous fees that higher education institutions in the Philippines impose.

Kindly please reply immediately,I need it for tommorrow! Does this school still offers BSN program? I am a former student, and I would like to continue my nursing academic this coming semester.

Do you still offer a 6 months training program which teaches basic education in anesthesia administration or to become Nurse Anesthetist and who recognizes your certification? Thanks a lot. We only compile school and education-related information.

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